Where is social stratification

Teachers, for example, often have high levels of education but receive relatively low pay. Many believe that teaching is a noble profession, so teachers should do their jobs for love of their profession and the good of their students—not for money.

Yet no successful executive or entrepreneur would embrace that attitude in the business world, where profits are valued as a driving force.

Cultural attitudes and beliefs like these support and perpetuate social inequalities. The nation fell into a period of prolonged and exceptionally high unemployment. While no one was completely insulated from the recession, perhaps those in the lower classes felt the impact most profoundly. Before the recession, many were living paycheck to paycheck or even had been living comfortably. As the recession hit, they were often among the first to lose their jobs.

Unable to find replacement employment, they faced more than loss of income. Their homes were foreclosed, their cars were repossessed, and their ability to afford healthcare was taken away. This put many in the position of deciding whether to put food on the table or fill a needed prescription. Many of those who suffered during the recession are back to work and are busy rebuilding their lives. The Affordable Health Care Act has provided health insurance to millions who lost or never had it.

But the Great Recession, like the Great Depression, has changed social attitudes. In many circles, it has become hip to be frugal. Sociologists distinguish between two types of systems of stratification. Closed systems accommodate little change in social position.

They do not allow people to shift levels and do not permit social relationships between levels. Open systems, which are based on achievement, allow movement and interaction between layers and classes. Different systems reflect, emphasize, and foster certain cultural values and shape individual beliefs.

Stratification systems include class systems and caste systems, as well as meritocracy. India used to have a rigid caste system. The people in the lowest caste suffered from extreme poverty and were shunned by society. In this photo, an Indian woman of a specific Hindu caste works in construction, and she demolishes and builds houses. Caste systems are closed stratification systems in which people can do little or nothing to change their social standing. A caste system is one in which people are born into their social standing and will remain in it their whole lives.

People are assigned occupations regardless of their talents, interests, or potential. In the Hindu caste tradition, people were expected to work in the occupation of their caste and to enter into marriage according to their caste. Accepting this social standing was considered a moral duty. Cultural values reinforced the system. Caste systems promote beliefs in fate, destiny, and the will of a higher power, rather than promoting individual freedom as a value. A person who lived in a caste society was socialized to accept his or her social standing.

Although the caste system in India has been officially dismantled, its residual presence in Indian society is deeply embedded. In rural areas, aspects of the tradition are more likely to remain, while urban centers show less evidence of this past. As a global center of employment, corporations have introduced merit-based hiring and employment to the nation. They are the group of people who neither comes under Upper Class or Poor People.

They undergo a set pattern of struggle through their entire life. Neither are they very influential not they are the most deprived people of society. They have to continue their struggle on a medium pace throughout the life. The number of middle-class people is certainly more than upper class or poor people. They are the people who face poverty. They are deprived of their right of living a wealthy life.

They undergo an amount of struggle which other class people cannot go in their own life because they are used to the facilities given. Glass Ceiling — It is the most common thing faced by some minorities of any country or women. They face continuous discrimination providing them unnecessary awkward scenario with depression.

This factor was boldly opposed by Conflict Perspective in which Karl Marx stated that this kind of society who does not knows how to provide women same place and respect or regularly practising Capitalism can never improve.

Undoubtedly, Karl Marx was the one who emerged to be emphasizing thinker of all the time. His work gained people attention posts his death i. He is known as the father of Conflict Perspective in which he was concerned about the peasants and lower-class people conditions. He discouraged the popular concept of Iron Cage.

He was always against Social Stratification. He worked efficiently to make people understand what they are lacking due to less knowledge. He emphasized a saying that the difference between the upper class and lower class people. The more upper-class people will keep on earning more and deprived people will keep on decreasing. He was impressed by Karl Marx but not every time he agreed with his all theories. He did not believe in the complete removal of Stratification.

Regardless of the form it takes, social stratification can manifest as the ability to make rules, decisions, and establish notions of right and wrong. Additionally, this power can be manifested as the capacity to control the distribution of resources and determine the opportunities, rights, and obligations of others.

Sociologists recognize that a variety of factors, including social class , race , gender , sexuality, nationality, and sometimes religion, influence stratification. As such, they tend to take an intersectional approach to analyzing the phenomenon.

This approach recognizes that systems of oppression intersect to shape people's lives and to sort them into hierarchies. Consequently, sociologists view racism , sexism , and heterosexism as playing significant and troubling roles in these processes as well.

In this vein, sociologists recognize that racism and sexism affect one's accrual of wealth and power in society. The relationship between systems of oppression and social stratification is made clear by U. Census data that show a long-term gender wage and wealth gap has plagued women for decades , and though it has narrowed a bit over the years, it still thrives today. A survey of young adults in the U. They also have 8. These findings show that education clearly plays a role in social stratification, but race intersects with academic achievement in the U.

The Pew Research Center has reported that completion of college is stratified by ethnicity. This data reveals that systemic racism shapes access to higher education , which, in turn, affects one's income and wealth. According to the Urban Institute , the average Latino family had just During the same timeframe, the average Black family had a mere So as communication for development brings people together it can help them access information and knowledge and establish common understanding on the way forward.

Language is so fundamental to the rituals and events of everyday life that its role is taken for granted. Language and Social Interaction deals with how we use language to negotiate relationships, actions and events in our daily lives.

Language, as a most important information carrier, is viewed as a social semiotic system and plays a key role in human information interaction. It not only carries and stores information, but also construes information. Interaction does not only promote language development but it also fosters the development of social skills e. Motivation is a fundamental aspect of successful learning.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Social interactionist theory SIT is an explanation of language development emphasizing the role of social interaction between the developing child and linguistically knowledgeable adults.

It is based largely on the socio-cultural theories of Soviet psychologist, Lev Vygotsky. Social interaction is important because it enables students to enhance their communication skills.